Broken Treaties and the Meaning of Sovereignty
How Native treaties shaped U.S. expansion, why so many promises were broken, and how sovereignty and treaty rights remain legally important today.
Read the storyDiscover stories of migration, refuge, exclusion, community-building, and cultural life across Asian American and Pacific Islander histories.
Editorial illustration · not archival photography
Learn how Angel Island Immigration Station became the West Coast gate where Asian immigrants faced detention, interrogation, and exclusion under U.S. immigratio
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How Native treaties shaped U.S. expansion, why so many promises were broken, and how sovereignty and treaty rights remain legally important today.
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Learn how U.S. naturalization law tied citizenship to whiteness, how courts defined racial eligibility, and why citizenship became a boundary of belonging.
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The Haitian Revolution challenged American ideas of freedom and power. Learn how fear of Black sovereignty shaped U.S. law and policy for generations.
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How the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo redrew the border and reshaped Mexican American citizenship, land claims, and belonging in the Southwest.
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Explore how poll taxes and literacy tests suppressed votes after Reconstruction — and why their legacy still matters in today’s fight for democracy.
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